Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of a Novel Synthetic Cyclic Lipopeptide against Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans UA159

doi: 10.1128/AAC.00776-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159

Article Snippet: These results showed that CLP-4 is a promising agent that can effectively inhibit planktonic growth of S. mutans . table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Antimicrobial agent MIC and MBC (μg/ml) by inoculum density of: 6 × 10 5 CFU/ml 2 × 10 7 CFU/ml MIC MBC MIC MBC CLP-4 2.8 6 5 20 Erythromycin 0.016 0.6 0.062 1 Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride 1.25 3.5 1.25 5 Open in a separate window In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159 table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Streptococcus mutans strain Serotype MIC (μg/ml) MBC (μg/ml) Reference or source UA159 c 2.8 6 56 ATCC 25175 c 3.0 9 57 LM7 e 2.0 8 58 JF243 c 3.0 <5 59 568-2v-5 2.0 <5 60 764 2.0 5 C. M. Levesque 768 2.0 6 C. M. Levesque Open in a separate window S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Techniques: In Vitro

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of a Novel Synthetic Cyclic Lipopeptide against Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans UA159

doi: 10.1128/AAC.00776-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Article Snippet: These results showed that CLP-4 is a promising agent that can effectively inhibit planktonic growth of S. mutans . table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Antimicrobial agent MIC and MBC (μg/ml) by inoculum density of: 6 × 10 5 CFU/ml 2 × 10 7 CFU/ml MIC MBC MIC MBC CLP-4 2.8 6 5 20 Erythromycin 0.016 0.6 0.062 1 Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride 1.25 3.5 1.25 5 Open in a separate window In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159 table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Streptococcus mutans strain Serotype MIC (μg/ml) MBC (μg/ml) Reference or source UA159 c 2.8 6 56 ATCC 25175 c 3.0 9 57 LM7 e 2.0 8 58 JF243 c 3.0 <5 59 568-2v-5 2.0 <5 60 764 2.0 5 C. M. Levesque 768 2.0 6 C. M. Levesque Open in a separate window S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Techniques: In Vitro

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of a Novel Synthetic Cyclic Lipopeptide against Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans UA159

doi: 10.1128/AAC.00776-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparative killing kinetics of CLP-4. S. mutans UA159 cultures at a cell density of 6 × 105 CFU/ml were challenged with 5, 10, and 25 μg/ml CLP-4 under conditions of active growth in CDM supplemented with 0.5% (wt/vol) glucose (A) and against growth-arrested cells in CDM lacking any carbon source (B). Samples at time zero were enumerated prior to peptide treatment. Data shown are the means and standard deviations of three biological replicates from three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: These results showed that CLP-4 is a promising agent that can effectively inhibit planktonic growth of S. mutans . table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Antimicrobial agent MIC and MBC (μg/ml) by inoculum density of: 6 × 10 5 CFU/ml 2 × 10 7 CFU/ml MIC MBC MIC MBC CLP-4 2.8 6 5 20 Erythromycin 0.016 0.6 0.062 1 Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride 1.25 3.5 1.25 5 Open in a separate window In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159 table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Streptococcus mutans strain Serotype MIC (μg/ml) MBC (μg/ml) Reference or source UA159 c 2.8 6 56 ATCC 25175 c 3.0 9 57 LM7 e 2.0 8 58 JF243 c 3.0 <5 59 568-2v-5 2.0 <5 60 764 2.0 5 C. M. Levesque 768 2.0 6 C. M. Levesque Open in a separate window S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Techniques:

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of a Novel Synthetic Cyclic Lipopeptide against Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans UA159

doi: 10.1128/AAC.00776-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: CLP-4 prevents S. mutans biofilm formation. (A) Biofilms inoculated with 2 × 107 CFU/ml were grown for 24 h in the presence of CLP-4, chlorhexidine, or erythromycin at concentrations ranging between 0.6× and 2× their respective MICs. Biofilm formation was quantified using crystal violet staining and expressed in percentage relative to untreated control. Shown are the means and standard deviations of three biological replicates from three independent experiments. *, P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.001 compared to untreated control. (B) Corresponding growth curve kinetics showing the MIC of CLP-4 on S. mutans UA159.

Article Snippet: These results showed that CLP-4 is a promising agent that can effectively inhibit planktonic growth of S. mutans . table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Antimicrobial agent MIC and MBC (μg/ml) by inoculum density of: 6 × 10 5 CFU/ml 2 × 10 7 CFU/ml MIC MBC MIC MBC CLP-4 2.8 6 5 20 Erythromycin 0.016 0.6 0.062 1 Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride 1.25 3.5 1.25 5 Open in a separate window In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159 table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Streptococcus mutans strain Serotype MIC (μg/ml) MBC (μg/ml) Reference or source UA159 c 2.8 6 56 ATCC 25175 c 3.0 9 57 LM7 e 2.0 8 58 JF243 c 3.0 <5 59 568-2v-5 2.0 <5 60 764 2.0 5 C. M. Levesque 768 2.0 6 C. M. Levesque Open in a separate window S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Techniques: Staining, Control

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of a Novel Synthetic Cyclic Lipopeptide against Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans UA159

doi: 10.1128/AAC.00776-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of CLP-4 on preformed biofilms. S. mutans UA159 biofilms were established for 24 h and then treated with increasing concentrations (1× to 10× the MIC) of CLP-4, chlorhexidine, or erythromycin. (A) Antibiofilm activities were assessed by quantifying the cell viability of treated biofilms by colony enumeration on agar plates. The means and standard deviations of three biological replicates from three independent experiments are shown. **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001 compared to untreated control. (B) Biofilms treated with 10× the MICs for each antimicrobial were fluorescently labeled using the LIVE/DEAD BacLight viability stain and visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Shown are the top-down three-dimensional (3D) volume rendering of biofilms at a total magnification of ×400. Bottom images represent optical planes in the xz, and vertical thin images represent yz dimensions. Membrane-compromised bacteria are stained red with propidium iodide, while intact bacteria are stained green with SYTO 9. Areas highlighted by dashed lines indicate regions of interest (ROIs) viewed at a higher magnification. Dimensions shown are 387.5 μm by 387.5 μm by 16 μm. (C) ROIs are presented at ×2,300 magnification. Dimensions shown are 68.1 μm by 68.1 μm by 16 μm.

Article Snippet: These results showed that CLP-4 is a promising agent that can effectively inhibit planktonic growth of S. mutans . table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Antimicrobial agent MIC and MBC (μg/ml) by inoculum density of: 6 × 10 5 CFU/ml 2 × 10 7 CFU/ml MIC MBC MIC MBC CLP-4 2.8 6 5 20 Erythromycin 0.016 0.6 0.062 1 Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride 1.25 3.5 1.25 5 Open in a separate window In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159 table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Streptococcus mutans strain Serotype MIC (μg/ml) MBC (μg/ml) Reference or source UA159 c 2.8 6 56 ATCC 25175 c 3.0 9 57 LM7 e 2.0 8 58 JF243 c 3.0 <5 59 568-2v-5 2.0 <5 60 764 2.0 5 C. M. Levesque 768 2.0 6 C. M. Levesque Open in a separate window S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Techniques: Control, Labeling, Staining, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, Membrane, Bacteria

Journal: Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)

Article Title: Desferrioxamine:gallium-pluronic micelles increase outer membrane permeability and potentiate antibiotic activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa †

doi: 10.1039/c8cc08134d

Figure Lengend Snippet: F127-DG2 increases the OM permeability of P. aeruginosa. (A) Targeted F127-DG2/TPE micelles exhibit greater binding to the OM of P. aeruginosa than untargeted F127/TPE micelles based on increased TPE fluorescence (blue). F127-DG2/TPE does not target E. coli due to lack of the necessary OM receptors. Positive control staining performed with FM 4-64FX (red). (B) OM permeabilization with F127-DG2 (64 µM) results in greater HI accumulation (red) in P. aeruginosa than unmodified F127 (64 µM) + DG (128 µM), while E. coli OM permeability is unchanged. Positive control staining performed with SYTO13 (green). (C) NCF hydrolysis occurs more rapidly in P. aeruginosa treated with F127-DG2 (128 µM) than unmodified F127 (128 µM) + DG (256 µM); E. coli OM permeability is unaffected by either polymer. Scale bars represent 2 µm.

Article Snippet: Neither F127-DG 2 nor F127 plus DG potentiated antibiotic activity against E. coli due to lack of the necessary OM receptors for DG. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 P. aeruginosa E. coli Potentiator Antibiotic ATCC 27853 a PAO1 a MDR 2638 a MDR 3072 a MDR 24530 a ATCC 25922 a None ERY 256 256 512 256 512 32 RIF 32 16 8 16 16 4 VAN >1024 >1024 512 >1024 1024 128 F127-DG 2 ERY 64(0.38) 128(0.53) 64(0.25) 128(0.63) 256(0.53) 16(0.75) RIF 8(0.31) 8(0.56) 4(0.53) 8(0.56) 8(0.53) 4(1.25) VAN 32(0.16) 64(0.19) 64(0.19) 64(0.19) 128(0.25) 128(1.25) Open in a separate window a Inhibitory concentrations for antibiotics are given in μg mL −1 , followed by FICIs given in parentheses.

Techniques: Permeability, Binding Assay, Fluorescence, Positive Control, Staining, Polymer

Journal: Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)

Article Title: Desferrioxamine:gallium-pluronic micelles increase outer membrane permeability and potentiate antibiotic activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa †

doi: 10.1039/c8cc08134d

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antimicrobial activity of F127-DG 2 or F127 + DG combined with selected antibiotics against P. aeruginosa and E. coli . The MIC of F127-DG 2 alone or free DG was greater than 1024 µM for all strains. FICI o 0.25 considered high synergistic activity, 0.25 o FICI o 0.75 considered moderate synergistic activity, and FICI > 0.75 considered no synergistic activity

Article Snippet: Neither F127-DG 2 nor F127 plus DG potentiated antibiotic activity against E. coli due to lack of the necessary OM receptors for DG. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 P. aeruginosa E. coli Potentiator Antibiotic ATCC 27853 a PAO1 a MDR 2638 a MDR 3072 a MDR 24530 a ATCC 25922 a None ERY 256 256 512 256 512 32 RIF 32 16 8 16 16 4 VAN >1024 >1024 512 >1024 1024 128 F127-DG 2 ERY 64(0.38) 128(0.53) 64(0.25) 128(0.63) 256(0.53) 16(0.75) RIF 8(0.31) 8(0.56) 4(0.53) 8(0.56) 8(0.53) 4(1.25) VAN 32(0.16) 64(0.19) 64(0.19) 64(0.19) 128(0.25) 128(1.25) Open in a separate window a Inhibitory concentrations for antibiotics are given in μg mL −1 , followed by FICIs given in parentheses.

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)

Article Title: Desferrioxamine:gallium-pluronic micelles increase outer membrane permeability and potentiate antibiotic activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa †

doi: 10.1039/c8cc08134d

Figure Lengend Snippet: Survival of P. aeruginosa cells treated for 4 h shows bacteriostatic activity for ERY when combined with F127-DG2, while RIF and VAN combinations were bactericidal. (A) MHA plates at 0 and 4 hour for cultures of P. aeruginosa treated with F127-DG2 combined with ERY, RIF, or VAN. (A) F127-DG2 combined with ERY is bacteriostatic against P. aeruginosa whereas RIF or VAN are bactericidal. Unmodified F127 + DG combined with tested antibiotics did not result in inhibitory activity against P. aeruginosa and E. coli was also relatively unaffected by either formulation. Note: 128 µM F127-DG2 (or 128 µM F127+ 256 µM DG) and 96 µg mL−1 ERY, 12 µg mL−1 RIF, or 48 µg mL−1 were used against P. aeruginosa. One-way ANOVA performed for P. aeruginosa with F127-DG2 plus antibiotics relative to t = 0 h positive control, ***p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Neither F127-DG 2 nor F127 plus DG potentiated antibiotic activity against E. coli due to lack of the necessary OM receptors for DG. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 P. aeruginosa E. coli Potentiator Antibiotic ATCC 27853 a PAO1 a MDR 2638 a MDR 3072 a MDR 24530 a ATCC 25922 a None ERY 256 256 512 256 512 32 RIF 32 16 8 16 16 4 VAN >1024 >1024 512 >1024 1024 128 F127-DG 2 ERY 64(0.38) 128(0.53) 64(0.25) 128(0.63) 256(0.53) 16(0.75) RIF 8(0.31) 8(0.56) 4(0.53) 8(0.56) 8(0.53) 4(1.25) VAN 32(0.16) 64(0.19) 64(0.19) 64(0.19) 128(0.25) 128(1.25) Open in a separate window a Inhibitory concentrations for antibiotics are given in μg mL −1 , followed by FICIs given in parentheses.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Formulation, Positive Control